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2023.3.30
The geometric shape of a tool processed by a machine tool includes its rake and negative angle angles. The size and shape of these angles can affect the cutting performance and quality of the tool, as well as factors such as machining efficiency and surface quality. During the CNC machining process, the operator needs to make selections and adjustments based on factors such as processing materials and required surface quality. In today’s article, we discuss the difference between positive angle and negative angle of cutting tools.
The positive angle of a machining tool refers to the angle formed between the front of the tool and the contact surface of the workpiece. It is the first contact point between the cutting edge of the tool and the workpiece material, and is commonly used to control factors such as cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear during the cutting process. The size and shape of the rake angle have an important impact on the cutting performance and quality of the tool. Generally speaking, a smaller positive angle can reduce cutting force and friction, and is suitable for machining hard materials or workpieces with larger cutting depth. A larger rake angle is suitable for machining soft materials or workpieces with a shallow cutting depth. In actual machining, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as material, cutting depth, and surface requirements to select an appropriate positive angle.
The negative angle of a machine tool refers to the angle formed between the back of the tool and the contact surface of the workpiece. The function of the back rage angle is to control the cutting depth and feed rate, and to affect the strength and stability of the tool. A smaller negative angle can reduce cutting force and surface roughness, suitable for high-speed cutting. A larger negative angle can increase the strength and stability of the tool, and is suitable for highly demanding machining processes such as deep hole machining. The size and shape of the back corner also have an important impact on the cutting performance and quality of the tool. In actual machining, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as material, cutting depth, and surface requirements to select an appropriate back angle.
– Basic purpose: The positive angle displays the inclination of the tool rake face relative to the reference plane. Since the front corner is the surface of the chip flow, it also indicates the direction of chip flow. On the other hand, the back angle reflects the inclination of the cutting speed vector to the back face of the machining tool. This angle has no direct impact on chip flow. However, both angles can be measured on different planes to obtain a clear curve about the inclination of the corresponding surface.
– Values of these angles: The cutting tool has a positive angle, a negative angle, or a zero rake angle, each of which has a special significance and advantage for processing performance. For example, a negative angle provides a sharp edge, so cutting will proceed smoothly and require minimal effort. Another method is to provide a stronger tool tip at the back corner of the tool, so that the machine tool can resist higher cutting forces. However, the positive angle of the tool cannot be negative, or even zero, because in this case, the side of the machine tool will rub against the surface of the finished product.
– The mechanism of cutting and the role of rake angle: The positive angle directly or indirectly affects many factors, including shear strain, cutting force, machining torque or thrust, power consumption, chip type and color, etc. In fact, it is an important parameter in the entire mechanical processing mechanics.
In addition to the positive angle and negative angles, other geometric shapes of the tool are also very important, such as the inclination angle, main deflection angle, main rear angle, main front angle, and so on. The size and shape of these angles can affect the performance of cutting forces, chip morphology, machining surface quality, tool life, and other aspects. Therefore, when selecting a tool, it is necessary to comprehensively consider these geometric parameters in order to achieve the best machining effect and quality.
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